;; -*- coding:utf-8 mode:lisp -*- ;; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;; $RCSfile: chinese-ts.txt,v $ ;; $Revision: 1.21 $ ;; $Date: 2006/07/14 12:07:01 $ ;; Author: Stefan Mueller (Stefan.Mueller@cl.uni-bremen.de) ;; (c) Stefan Müller & (2006) ;; Purpose: Test data for the Maltese grammar ;; Language: ASCII/UTF-8 ;; URL: ;; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;; ;; This is the maltese-ts test suite. ;; ;; Syntax: ;; ;; Lines starting with `;;;' indicate phenomena. Everything ;; that follows such a line is treated as belonging to the ;; phenomenon or phenomena mentioned in this line until ;; a new line starting with `;;;' is found. ;; ;; The general pattern is: ;; ;;; phenomenon (+ phenomenon)* ;; ;; Lines starting with `;;' are treated as comments and are ;; ignored. Everything between `#|' and `|#' is also ignored. ;; ;; Use the script trale-test-import to generate test_items.pl ;; for use with TRALE's test suite code. ;; ;; trale-test-import maltese-ts.txt > test_items.pl ;; ;; Use the script tsdb-import to create [incr TSDB()] profiles. ;; ;; This directory contains a Makefile that does this for you. ;; ;; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;; idiom + light verb construction U mard râ dust dâšt. ;; 'he/she man DOM friend had' "He/she loved the man." ;;; incorporation + light verb construction Ali telefon kard. ;; 'Ali telephone did.' "Ali called." ;;; causative + light verb construction Man radio bâz kardam. ;; 'I radio open do.' "I opened the radio." ;;; causative + light verb construction + future Man radio bâz xâham kard. ;; 'I radio open will do.' "I will open the radio." * Man radio xâham bâz kard. ;; 'I radio will open do.' "I will open the radio." @ Goldberg2003a:142 claims this cannot be excluded ;;; idiom + light verb construction + negation U mard râ dust nadâšt. ;; 'He/she man DOM friend NEG-have.' "He/she does not love the man." ;;; idiom + light verb construction + future U mard râ dust xâhad dâšt. ;; 'He/she radio DOM light NEG-want have' "He/she will not love the man." ;;; idiom + light verb construction + negation + future U mard râ dust naxâhad dâšt. ;; 'He/she man DOM friend NEG-want have' "He/she will not love the man." ;; reviewer says this is impossible * U mard râ dust xâhad nadâšt. ;; 'He/she man DOM friend want NEG-have' "He/she will not love the man." #| ;;; negation + perfect ;; With the auxiliary 'budan', 'na'- attaches to the participle, while with the passive šodan it attaches to šodan: Maryam narafte bud. ;; 'Maryam NEG-gone was' "Maryam had not gone." @ Samvelian (p.c. 2007) * Maryam rafte nabud ;; 'Maryam gone NEG-was' "Maryam had not gone." @ Samvelian (p.c. 2007) |# ;;; negation + passive Maryam dar xiâbân dide šod. ;; 'Maryam in street seen become.' "Maryam was seen in the street." @ Samvelian (p.c. 2007) Maryam dar xiâbân dide našod. ;; 'Maryam in street seen NEG-become.' "Maryam was not seen in the street." @ Samvelian (p.c. 2007) * Maryam dar xiâbân nadide šod. ;; 'Maryam in street NEG-seen become.' ;; With this respect, the passive auxiliary šodan resembles the copulas šodan and budan 'to be': ;;; negation + copula ;;Maryam qamgin bud. ;; 'Maryam sad was' "Maryam was sad." @ Samvelian (p.c. 2007) Maryam qamgin šod. ;; 'Maryam sad become' "Maryam became sad." @ Samvelian (p.c. 2007) ;;Maryam qamgin nabud. ;; 'Maryam sad NEG-was' "Maryam was not sad." @ Samvelian (p.c. 2007) Maryam qamgin našod. ;; 'Maryam sad NEG-become' "Maryam did not become sad." @ Samvelian (p.c. 2007) ;;; cliticization Didam at. ;; 'saw-1-sg-2sg' "I saw you" Didam aš. ;; 'saw-1-sg-3sg' "I saw him" ;; Binding Theorie excludes the following: ;; * didam am. ;; 'saw+1sgS+1sg' @ Ghomeshi96a:175 ;; * didi et. ;; 'saw+2sgS+2sg' @ Ghomeshi96a:175 ;; On intransitive verbs it can be used as the subject clitic. ;; most uses in colloquial speech U rošan kard aš. ;; 'He/she light do DO.CL.3sg' "He/she turned it on." U rošan aš kard. ;; 'He/she light DO.CL.3sg do' "He/she turned it on." ;; reviewer says: only literature ?? Man bâz xâham aš kard. ;; 'I open want DO.CL.3sg do' "I will open it." Man bâz aš xâham kard. ;; 'I open DO.CL.3sg want do' "I will open it." ;; check: Ist das grammatisch? Man xâham aš nevešt. ;; 'I will DO.CL.3sg write' "I will write it." ;;c. guš-eš ba:yad mi-kardi. ;; ear-it should Impf.-DO-Past did ;;‘You should have listened to it.’ ;;; cliticization + possessives Man mâdar aš didam. ;; 'I mother-Poss-3.Sg saw' "I saw his mother." ;;; cliticization + Ezafe + possessives ketâbe bozorg et ;; 'book+EZ big+2sg' "your big book" @ Ghomeshi96a:155 ;;; cliticization + possessives ketâb am ;; 'book-my' "my book" @ GM94a:188 ketâbe man ;; 'book+EZ I/me' "my book" @ GM94a:188 * ketâbe am ;; 'book+EZ-my' ;;; inchoative + causative + light verb construction Radio bâz šod. ;; 'radio open became.' "The radio opened." ;; mâdar bace râ ?ârâm kard. mâdar bace râ ârâm kard. ;; 'mother child DOM silent make-Past' "The mother silenced the child." @ Karimi-Doostan97a: ;; bace (tavasote mâdar-aš) ?ârâm šod bace ârâm šod. ;; 'child silent become' "The child became silent." @ Karimi-Doostan97a: 92 bace tavasote mâdar aš ârâm šod. ;; 'child by mother-his silent become' "The child became silent by his mother." @ Karimi-Doostan97a: 92 ;;; nominalization + light verb construction Man bâzi kon didam. ;; 'I play do saw' "I saw a player." Man bâzi kongân didam. ;; 'I play do-PL saw' "I saw players." ;; baz-kon-ande-gan hanuz nayamadeand 'open-do-er-PL yet NEG-come-3.PL' "the openers have not come yet." bâz konandegân ;; 'open do-er-PL' "openers" ;;; inchoative + verbal noun + light verb construction Ali Sasan râ šekast dâd. ;; 'Ali Sasan-DOM defeat GIVE-Past' "Ali defeated Sasan." @ Karimi-Doostan97a: 127 Sasan šekast xord. ;; 'Sasan defeat COLLIDE-Past' "Sasan was defeated./ Sasan suffered defeat." @ Karimi-Doostan97a: 127 ;;; verbal noun + inflection * ehdaha ;; 'giving-Pl' @ Karimi-Doostan2005a: 1747 Ali ketâb râ be Sasan ehda kard. ;; 'John book DOM to Sasan giving do-past' "Ali gave the book to Sasan." @ following Karimi-Doostan2005a: 1738 ;;; verbal noun * in ehda ;; 'this giving' @ Karimi-Doostan2005a: 1747 ;; to do: Prepositions are following the EZAFE domain. This is not treated yet. ;; ehdaye ketâbe Ali be Kimea ;; giving-EZAFE book-EZAFE Ali to Kimea "Ali’s giving of a book to Kimea" @ following Karimi-Doostan2005a: 1738 ;;Sasan tavasote Ali šekast xord. ;; 'Sasan by Ali defeat COLLIDE-Past' "Sasan was defeated by Ali./ Sasan suffered defeat by Ali." @ Karimi-Doostan97a: 128 ;;; process noun + light verb construction Ali bâ Sasan harf zad. ;; 'Ali with Sasan talk BEAT-Past' "Ali talked to Sasan." @ Karimi-Doostan97a: 142 harfhâye Ali bâ Sasan ;; 'talks Ez. Ali with Sasan' "Ali’s talks with Sasan" @ Karimi-Doostan97a: 142 ;;; auxiliary placement ;; the perfect auxiliary budam has to follow the participle. The future auxiliary precedes it. Man ketâb râ nevešte budam. ;; 'I book DOM written was-1st-Sg' "I had written the book." @ following Karimi-Doostan97a: 179 * Man ketâb râ budam nevešte. ;; 'I book DOM was-1st-Sg written' Man ketâb râ xâham nevešt. ;; 'I book DOM will-1st-Sg wrote' "I will write the book." @ following Karimi-Doostan97a: 179 * Man ketâb râ nevešt xâham. ;; 'I book DOM wrote will-1st-Sg' "I will write the book." @ following Karimi-Doostan97a: 179 Man xâham ketâb râ nevešt. ;; 'I will-1st-Sg book DOM wrote' "I will write the book." check is this correct? it is correct for modals and the progressive auxiliary ;;?anjâm xâham dâd Man in kâr râ anjâm xâham dâd. ;; 'I this job DOM performance will-1st-Sg gave' "I will do this job." @ Karimi-Doostan97a:73, 179 * Man in kâr râ anjâm dâd xâham. ;; 'I this job DOM performance gave will-1st-Sg' "I will do this job." @ Karimi-Doostan97a:73, 179 Man in kâr râ anjâm dâde budam. ;; 'I this job DOM performance given was-1st.Sg' "I had done this job." @ Karimi-Doostan97a:73, 179 * Man in kâr râ anjâm budam dâde. ;; 'I this job DOM performance was-1st.Sg given' "I had done this job." @ Karimi-Doostan97a:73, 179 #| ;; The copulas budan and šodan can precede the adjective (though this order gives rise to a special intonational pattern) ;; This does not work in the current treatment, since the subject can only be realized as argument of a finite verb. ;; šod Maryam qamgin. ;; 'became Maryam sad.' "Maryam became sad." Maryam šod qamgin. ;; 'Maryam became sad.' "Maryam became sad." @ Samvelian (p.c. 2007, 8.11.2007) ;; I think that the passive aux. šodan can also precede the participle: ;; ? šodand hame-ye ânhâ rânde as xâne-hâ-yešân ;; 'became all-EZ they thrown out from house-PL-3.PL' "They were all thrown out of their houses" |# ;;; auxiliary + clitic sib o xaride budam. ;; 'apple+râ bought was+1sgS' "I had bought the apple." @ Ghomeshi96a:171 xaride budam eš. ;; 'bought was+1sgS+3sg' "I had bought it." @ Ghomeshi96a:171 * xaride yeš budam ;; 'bought+3sg was+1sgS' @ Ghomeshi96a:171 ketâb o xâham xarid. ;; 'book+râ want+1sgS buy' "I will buy the book." @ Ghomeshi96a:172 ? xâham eš xarid. ;; 'want+1sgS+3sg buy' "I will buy it." @ Ghomeshi96a:172 ?? xâham xarid eš. ;; 'want+1sgS buy+3sg' "I will buy it." @ Ghomeshi96a:172 ;;; progressive #| Ali dâšt ketâb râ minevešte. ;; 'Ali Prog.Aux book DOM wrote-IMP' "Ali was writing the book." @ parallel to Karimi-Doostan97a: 180 check Ali ketâb râ dâšt minevešte. ;; 'Ali book DOM Prog.Aux wrote-IMP' "Ali was writing the book." @ parallel to Karimi-Doostan97a: 180 check ;;Ali dâšt Sasan râ râhnamâ?i mikard. Ali dâšt Sasan râ râhnamâi mikard. ;; 'Ali Prog.Aux. Sasan-DOM advice DO' "Ali was advising Sasan." @ Karimi-Doostan97a: 180 Ali Sasan râ dâšt râhnamâi mikard. ;; 'Ali Sasan-DO Prog.Aux. advice DO' "Ali was advising Sasan." @ Karimi-Doostan97a: 180 Ali Sasan râ râhnamâi dâšt mikard. ;; 'Ali Sasan-DO advice Prog.Aux. DO' "Ali was advising Sasan." @ Karimi-Doostan97a: 180 ;; what about this? check dâšt Ali Sasan râ râhnamâi mikard. ;; 'Prog.Aux. Ali Sasan-DOM advice DO' "Ali was advising Sasan." @ check Ali Sasan râ râhnamâi kard. ;; 'Ali Sasan DOM advice did' "Ali advised Sasan." Ali be Sasan in râhnamâi râ kard. ;; 'Ali to Sasan DOM this advice DOM did' "Ali advised Sasan." |# ;;; aspect + indicative + progressive + indefinite future miravam. ;; 'Ind/Prog/Indef. Fut.-go-1sg' "I go. / I am going. / I will go." @ Barjasteh83a:46 miraftam. ;; 'Ind/Prog'-go-1sg' "I used to go. / I was going." @ Barjasteh83a:46 guš mikonam. ;; 'ear Ind/Prog/Indef. Fut.-do-1sg' "I listened. / I am listening. / I will listen." @ following Barjasteh83a:46 guš mikardam. ;; 'ear Ind/Prog'-do-1sg' "I used to listen. / I was listening." @ following Barjasteh83a:46 ;;; present + continuous incompletive man dâram miravam. ;; 'I have-1sg prog-go-1sg' "I am going." to dâri miravi. ;; 'you have-2sg prog-go-2sg' "You are going." u dârad miravad. ;; 'he/she have-3sg prog-go-3sg' "He/she is going." ;;; past + continuous incompletive man dâštam miraftam. ;; 'I had-1sg prog-go-1sg' "I was going." to dâšti mirafti. ;; 'you had-2sg prog-go-2sg' "You were going." u dâšt miraft. ;; 'he/she had-3sg prog-go-3sg' "He/she were going." ;;; present + continuous incompletive + complex predicate man dâram guš mikonam. ;; 'I have ear Ind/Prog/Indef. Fut.-do-1sg' "I am listening." @ following Barjasteh83a:46 man guš dâram mikonam. ;; 'I ear have Ind/Prog/Indef. Fut.-do-1sg' "I am listening." @ following Barjasteh83a:46 to dâri guš mikoni. ;; 'you have ear Ind/Prog/Indef. Fut.-do-1sg' "I am listening." @ following Barjasteh83a:46 to guš dâri mikoni. ;; 'you ear have Ind/Prog/Indef. Fut.-do-1sg' "I am listening." @ following Barjasteh83a:46 u dârad guš mikonad. ;; 'he/she have ear Ind/Prog/Indef. Fut.-do-1sg' "I am listening." @ following Barjasteh83a:46 u guš dârad mikonad. ;; 'he/she ear have Ind/Prog/Indef. Fut.-do-1sg' "I am listening." @ following Barjasteh83a:46 man dâštam guš mikonam. ;; 'I had ear Ind/Prog/Indef. Fut.-do-1sg' "I was listening." @ following Barjasteh83a:46 man guš dâštam mikonam. ;; 'I ear had Ind/Prog/Indef. Fut.-do-1sg' "I was listening." @ following Barjasteh83a:46 to dâšti guš mikoni. ;; 'you had ear Ind/Prog/Indef. Fut.-do-1sg' "I was listening." @ following Barjasteh83a:46 to guš dâšti mikoni. ;; 'you ear had Ind/Prog/Indef. Fut.-do-1sg' "I was listening." @ following Barjasteh83a:46 u dâšt guš mikonad. ;; 'he/she had ear Ind/Prog/Indef. Fut.-do-1sg' "I was listening." @ following Barjasteh83a:46 u guš dâšt mikonad. ;; 'he/she ear had Ind/Prog/Indef. Fut.-do-1sg' "I was listening." @ following Barjasteh83a:46 ;;; definite future man xâham raft. ;; 'I futur-sg went.' "I will go." @ following Barjasteh83a:46 to xâhi raft. ;; 'you futur-sg went.' "You will go." @ following Barjasteh83a:46 u xâhad raft. ;; 'he/she futur-sg went.' "He/she will go." @ following Barjasteh83a:46 ;;; definite future + complex predicate man guš xâham kard. ;; 'I ear futur-sg do' "I will listen." @ following Barjasteh83a:46 to guš xâhi kard. ;; 'you ear futur-sg do' "You will listen." @ following Barjasteh83a:46 u guš xâhad kard. ;; 'he/she ear futur-sg do' "He/she will listen." @ following Barjasteh83a:46 ;;; negation nemiravam. ;; 'NEG-IND-go-1sg' "I do not go." @ Barjasteh83a:61 * neravam ;; 'NEG-go-1sg' @ Barjasteh83a:61 naravam ;; 'NEG-(SUBJUNCTIVE-)go-1sg' @ Barjasteh83a:61 naraftam. ;; 'NEG-went-1sg' "I did not go." @ Barjasteh83a:61 ;; check the status of the following: nadâštam nemiraftam. ;; 'NEG-Progr NEG-IND-go-1sg' "I am not not going." nadâštam miraftam. ;; 'NEG-Progr IND-go-1sg' dâštam nemiraftam. ;; ' Progr NEG-IND-go-1sg' ;;; negation + complex predicate guš nemikonam. ;; 'ear NEG-IND-do-1sg' "I do not listen." @ following Barjasteh83a:62 * guš nekonam ;; 'ear NEG-do-1sg' @ following Barjasteh83a:61 guš nakonam. ;; 'ear NEG-(SUBJUNCTIVE-)do-1sg' "I did not listen." (subjunctive) @ following Barjasteh83a:61 guš nakardam. ;; 'ear NEG-did-1sg' "I did not listen." @ following Barjasteh83a:62 ;;; direct object marker ;; un o xaridam. ;; 'it+râ bought+1sgS' "I bought that." @ Ghomeshi96a:158 ;;xaridam eš ;; 'bought+1sgS+3sg' "I bought it." @ Ghomeshi96a:158 ;;* xarid eš am to ro didam. ;; 'you+râ saw+1sgS' "I saw you." @ Ghomeshi96a:158 ;; did-am-et (*did-et-am) saw+1sgS+2sg 'I saw you.' ;;; direct object marker + case Ali fout kard. ;; 'Ali death did' "Ali died." @ Karimi-Doostan97a: 209 * Ali râ fout kard. ;; 'Ali DOM death did' @ Karimi-Doostan97a: 209 * Ali fout râ kard. ;; 'Ali death DOM did' @ Karimi-Doostan97a: 209 ;;; agreement ;; subjects are optional man xandidam. ;; 'I laughed+1sgS' "I laughed." @ stefan ânhâ xandidand. ;; 'they laughed+3plS' "They laughed." @ Ghomeshi96a:150 šomâ xandidid. ;; 'you laughed+2plS' "You laughed." @ stefan ;; the noun is the head in the NP. Therefore the verb agrees with the noun and not with the ;; possessor. man oftâdam. ;; 'I fell+1sgS' "I fell." @ Ghomeshi96a:168 * ketâb am oftâdam ;; 'book+1sg fell+1sgS' "My book fell." @ Ghomeshi96a:168 ketâb am oftâd. ;; 'book+1sg fell+3sgS' "My book fell." @ Ghomeshi96a:168 ;;; Ezafe kif râ didam. ;; 'bag RA saw' "I saw the bag." @ stefan * kife râ didam. ;; 'bag-Ez RA saw' @ stefan ;;; Ezafe + noun noun kife charm râ didam. ;; 'bag-Ez leather RA saw' "I saw the leather bag." @ following Ghomeshi96a:39 2 readings ;; a bag of this leather ;; * kif charm râ didam. ;; 'bag leather RA saw' @ stefan * kif charme râ didam. ;; 'bag leather-Ez RA saw' @ stefan * kife charme râ didam. ;; 'bag-Ez leather-Ez RA saw' @ stefan kife charme bozorg didam. ;; 'bag-Ez leather-Ez big saw' "I saw the big leather bag." @ following Ghomeshi96a:40 2 readings ;; bag of the big leather ;; * kife charm bozorg didam. ;; 'bag-Ez leather big saw' "I saw the big leather bag." @ stefan kife charme dust am didam. ;; 'bag-Ez leather-Ez friend+1sg saw' "I saw the my friend's leather bag." @ following Ghomeshi96a:40 3 readings ;; but also: I saw the bag of my leather friend. and I saw the bag of the leather of my friend. ;;; Ezafe + adjective xuneye bozorge qadimi râ didam. ;; 'house+EZ big+EZ old RA saw' "I saw the big old house." @ following Ghomeshi96a:80 * xuneye bozorge qadimie râ didam. ;; 'house+EZ big+EZ old+EZ RA saw' " @ stefan ;; linked to head nouns via Ezafe (17a)-(19a). She then shows that these adjectives cannot take ;; noun phrase, prepositional phrase or sentential complements in the Ezafe construction (17b)- ;; (19b). However, such adjective phrases can occur as appositive modifiers. This is shown in ;; (17c)-(19c). She concludes from this that the adjective phrase must be head-final within the ;; Ezafe domain. #| marde negarân -i vâred šod. ;; 'man+EZ worried+indef enter became+3sgS' "A worried man entered." * marde negarâne bacheha -š -i vâred šod. ;; man+EZ worried+EZ child+pl+3sg+indef enter became+3sgS "A man worried about his children entered." mard i, negarâne bacheha -š, vâred šod. ;; 'man+indef worried+EZ child+pl+3sg enter became+3sgS' "A man, worried about his children, entered." ;;; indefinites mard -i âmad. ;; 'man+indef came+3sgS' "A man came." mard -i didam. ;; 'man+indef saw+1sgS' "I saw a man." ketâb -o be pesar -i dâd-am. ;; 'book+râ to boy+indef gave+1sgS' "I gave the book to a boy." ketâbhâ -i xaridam. ;; 'book+pl+indef bought+1sgS' "I bought some (certain) books." |# ;;; passive Ali ye ketâb be Sasan dâd. ;; 'Ali a book to Sasan gave' "Ali gave a book to Sasan." ye ketâb be Sasan dâde šod. ;; 'a book to Sasan given was' "A book was given to Sasan." @ following FHK2005:1395 ;;; passive + intransitive verb ;; There are no impersonal passives in Persian: Maryam bâ sang be divâr zad. ;; 'Maryam with stone to wall hit' "(Lit.) Maryam hit to the wall with a stone/stones. " @ Samvelian (p.c. 2007) * bâ sang be divâr zade šod ;; 'with stone to wall hit.pp become' @ Samvelian (p.c. 2007) ;;; passive + complex predicate Maryam be Omid tohmat zad. ;; 'Maryam to Omid slander hit' "Maryam slandered Omid." @ Samvelian (p.c. 2007) ;; cannot be implemented? Nontermination problem due to underspecification. St. Mü. 2007 ;;be Omid tohmat zade šod. ;; 'to Omid slander hit became' "Omid was slandered." @ Samvelian (p.c. 2007) ;;; adjective * Ali bozorg. ;; 'Ali big' Kopula `-e' is missing. ;;; participle + passive + attributive ;; davande ;; 'run + -er' "runner" @ Karimi-Doostan97a:137 * marde davide ;; 'man-EZ run + -ed' @ following Karimi-Doostan97a:137 ;; unaccusative verb ;;* oftande ;; 'fall + -er' "faller" @ Karimi-Doostan97a:137 marde oftâde âmad. ;; 'man-EZ fall + -ed came' "a fallen man came." @ following Karimi-Doostan97a:137 ;; ?a:farin-ande (Lit: create + -er) ‘creator’ ;; b. ?a:farid-e (Lit: create + -e) ‘created’ ;; transitive verb dar baste šod. ;; 'door closed became' "The door was closed." @ Karimi2005a:117 darhâye baste ;; 'door-PL-EZ closed' "the closed doors" @ Karimi2005a:117 ;; parallel to the examples above ;;sabzi poxte šod ;; 'vegetable cooked became' "The vegetable cooked." @ Karimi2005a:117 ;;sabziye poxte ;; 'vegetable-EZ cooked' "the cooked vegetable" @ Karimi2005a:117 #| not treated yet šekast dahande ;; 'defeat + GIVE + -er' "conqueror" * šekast dâde ;; 'defeat + GIVE + -ed' "conquered" * šekast xorande ;; 'defeat + COLLIDE + -er' "conqueror" |# marde šekast xorde âmad. ;; 'man-EZ defeat + COLLIDE + -ed came' "A conquered man came." setayeše Ali râ kardam. ;; 'praise-EZ Ali-DOM did' "I praised Ali." @ reviewer NLLT #| ;; no modification of certain preverbs. * Ali be râdyo guše xubi kard. ;; 'Ali to radio ear-EZ good DO-Past' @ Karimi-Doostan97a:62 tegarg be bâqe man latme zad. ;; 'hail to garden-Ez-I damage BEAT-Past' "The hail damaged my garden." tegarg latmeye bad-i be bâqe man zad. ;; 'hail damage-Ez. bad-Def.Par. to garden-Ez.-I BEAT' "The hail caused bad damage to my gardens. / The hail damaged my garden badly." tegarge diruz ?in latme râ be bâqe man zad. ;; 'hail-Ez. yesterday this damage-DOM to garden-Ez.-I BEAT' "The yesterday’s hail caused this damage to my garden" |# ;;; sentantial complement midunam ke Kimea in film ro dide. ;; 'DUR-know-1sg that Kimea this movie-DOM saw-3sg' "I know that Kimea has seen this movie." @ Stefan 17.11.2007 ;;; nonlocal dependency Kimea midunam ke in film ro dide. ;; 'Kimea DUR-know-1sg that this movie-DOM saw-3sg' "As for Kimea, I know that she has seen this movie." @ Karimi2005a:17 in film ro midunam ke Kimea dide. ;; 'this movie-DOM DUR-know-1sg that Kimea saw-3sg' "As for this movie, I know that Kimea has seen it." @ Karimi2005a:17 be Kimea man fekr mikonam ke Arezu un ketâb ro dâde. ;; 'to Kimea I thought DUR-do-1sg that Arezu that book-DOM gave-3sg' "To Kimea I think that Arezu has given that book." @ Karimi2005a:17 ;; Scrambling ;; be Sepide ketâbâ ro man dâdam. ;; 'to Sepide book-pl-RA I gave-1sg' "As for the books, TO SEPIDE I gave them. or As for Sepide, THE BOOKS I gave her." @ Karimi2005a:17 tu sinamâ fekr mikonam Kimea ro did. ;; 'in cinema thought dur-do-1sg Kimea RA saw' "It was in the cinema that I think she saw Kimea." @ Karimi2005a:18 2 readings ;; The following works in principle, but is commented out since the parse times grow enourmously if more ;; than one element in SLASH is permitted. #| ;;ki chi ro fekr mikoni bexare? ;; 'who what RA thought dur-do-2sg subj-buy-3sg' "Who is it you think will buy what?" @ Karimi2005a:18 ;; Ketâbâ ro be Kimea man fekr mikonam dâd. ;; 'book-pl-râ to Kimea I thought dur-do-1sg gave-3sg' "As for the books, to Kimea, T think she gave (them)." @ Karimi2005a:128 ki bâ ki miraghse ;; 'who with who dur-dance-3sg' "Who will dance with whom?" @ Karimi2005a:196 ;; minimal link condition * bâ ki ki miraghse ;; 'with who who dur-dance-3sg' @ Karimi2005a:196 |# #| Karimi2005a:77 There is no raising. be nazar miyâd ke bachchehâ xaste bâšan. ;; 'to view dur-come-3sg that child-pl tired be-pl' "It seems that the children are tired." * be nazar miyân ke bachchehâ xaste bâšan. ;; 'to view dur-come-3pl that child-pl tired be-pl' "It seems that the children are tired." be nazar miyâd bachchehâ xaste bâšan. ;; 'to view dur-come-3sg child-pl tired be-pl' "It seems that the children are tired." * be nazar miyân bachchehâ xaste bâšan. ;; 'to view dur-come-3pl child-pl tired be-pl' "It seems that the children are tired." Karimi2005a:78 inalinable posessor constructions Karimi 89 Subjektloses satzeinbettendes Prädikat, not implemented yet since the treatment of the copula is missing. |# ;;; weather verbs ;; There are no expletives in Persian. ;;diruz xeyli bârun âmad. ;; 'yesterday much rain came-3sg' "Yesterday, it rained a lot." @ Karimi2005a:90 diruz bârun âmad. ;; 'yesterday rain came-3sg' "Yesterday, it rained." @ following Karimi2005a:90 ;;tu tâbestun havâ dir târik miše. ;; 'in summer weather late dark dur-become-3sg' "In summer, the weather (it) gets dark late." ;;; i-derivation jâhâye didani midunam. ;; 'place-pl-ez see-i dur-know-1sg' "I know places that are worth visiting" @ following Samvelian (p.c. 2007) ketâbe foruxani mibinam. ;; 'book-ez sell-i dur-see-1sg' "I see a book (which is) for sale" @ following Samvelian (p.c. 2007) ;; check: was mehmânhâ, but somewhere I read that hâ is used for inanimates only. in mehmânhaye raftani ;; 'this guest-pl-EZ go-i ' "These guests which seem to intend to leave." (In case you’re fed up with your guests and you’re impatient to see them leaving) @ following Samvelian (p.c. 2007) ;;; i-derivation + negation + copula In mehmânha raftani nistand. ;; 'this guest-pl go-i NEG-are' "These guests do not seem to intend to leave." (In case you’re fed up with your guests and you’re impatient to see them leaving) @ following Samvelian (p.c. 2007)