;; -*- coding:utf-8 mode:lisp -*- ;; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;; $RCSfile: chinese-ts.work.txt,v $ ;; $Revision: 1.16 $ ;; $Date: 2006/09/28 13:10:16 $ ;; Author: Stefan Mueller (Stefan.Mueller@fu-berlin.de) ;; (c) Stefan Müller (2006) ;; Purpose: Test data for the Maltese grammar ;; Language: ASCII/UTF-8 ;; URL: ;; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;; ;; This is the maltese-ts test suite. ;; ;; Syntax: ;; ;; Lines starting with `;;;' indicate phenomena. Everything ;; that follows such a line is treated as belonging to the ;; phenomenon or phenomena mentioned in this line until ;; a new line starting with `;;;' is found. ;; ;; The general pattern is: ;; ;;; phenomenon (+ phenomenon)* ;; ;; Lines starting with `;;' are treated as comments and are ;; ignored. Everything between `#|' and `|#' is also ignored. ;; ;; The comments following an item will go to the [incr TSDB()] ;; database. Single quotes mark glosses double quotes mark ;; translations. The glosses are displayed in Trale test runs. ;; ;; Use the script trale-test-import to generate test_items.pl ;; for use with TRALE's test suite code. ;; ;; trale-test-import maltese-ts.work.txt > test_items.pl ;; ;; Use the script tsdb-import to create [incr TSDB()] profiles. ;; ;; This directory contains a Makefile that does this for you. ;; ;; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;; valency ;; transitive verbs Jien niktibu. ;; Jien n-iktib=u. '1S 1S-write:=3M' "I write him (the book)." @ Peterson (p.M.) ;; ditransitive verbs ;;; pro Drop Niktibu. ;; n-iktib=u. '(1S) 1S-write:=3M' "(I) write him." @ Peterson (p.M.) ;;; clitization ;; transitive verbs Jien niktibu. ;; Jien n-iktib=u. '1S 1S-write:=3M' "I write him." ;; ditransitive verbs ;; wrong: Huma tawhuli. ;; Huma ta-w=hu=l=i. '3P give:-P=3M=DAT=1S' "They gave him to me." @ Peterson (p.M.) ;; jibgħatli ;; jibgħat ;; jibgħatlek ;; jibgħatlu ;; jibgħatlha ;; jibgħatlna ;; jibgħatlkom ;; jibgħatlhom ;; added pronoun to make it a complete sentence: bagħatli hu. ;; bagħat-l-i 'sent-3msg=Dat=1sg him' "He sent him to me." @ following Fabri93a:104 bagħatlek hu. ;; bagħat-l-Vk 'sent-3msg=Dat=2sg him' "He sent him to you." @ following Fabri93a:104 bagħatlu hu. ;; bagħat-l-u 'sent-3msg=Dat=3sgmas him' "He sent him to him." @ following Fabri93a:104 #| ;; Fabri (p.c. 2007) corrected these. The vowel changes are not covered by the grammar. bagħtilha hu. ;; bagħat-l-ha 'sent-3msg=Dat=3sgfem him' "He sent him to her." @ following Fabri93a:104 bagħtilna hu. ;; bagħat-l-na 'sent-3msg=Dat=1pl him' "He sent him to us." @ following Fabri93a:104 bagħtilkom hu. ;; bagħat-l-kom 'sent-3msg=Dat=2pl him' "He sent him to you." @ following Fabri93a:104 bagħtilhom hu. ;; bagħat-l-hom 'sent-3msg=Dat=3pl him' "He sent him to them." @ following Fabri93a:104 |# * Bagħatnilek. ;; bgħat-ni-lek 'sent(3msg)-1sg-2sg' @ Fabri93a:104 Bagħatni lilek. ;; bagħat-ni lil-ek 'sent(3msg)-1sg Ks-2sg' "He sent me to you." @ Fabri93a:104 ;; clitic and overt NP agree in case Fabri93a:146 ;; This is not strict. Only if object is contrasted. ;; Jien xtrajtu lktieb. ;; Jien xtraj-t-u l-ktieb. 'I bought-1sg-3msg df-book' "I bought the book." @ Fabri93a:146 ;;* Jien xtrajtu lillktieb. ;; Jien xtraj-t-u lil-lktieb. 'I bought-1sg-3msg Ks-df-book' @ Fabri93a:146 ;; Jien rajtha lil Ingrid. ;; Jien raj-t-ha lil Ingrid. 'I saw-1sg-3fsg Ks Ingrid.' "I saw Ingrid." @ Fabri93a:146 ;;* Jien rajtha Ingrid. ;; Jien rajtha Ingrid. 'I saw-1sg-3fsg Ingrid.' @ Fabri93a:146 ;; Fabri has the subject Jien, but the form bgħat is not generated by the morphology yet. ;; Is this sentence ambiguous? Hu bagħatlu ktieb lil Pawlu. ;; Hu bagħa-t-lu ktieb lil Pawlu. 'he sent book Ks Pawlu' "He send Pawlu a book" @ Fabri93:146 ;; this has two readings Fabri93a:147 ;;* Hu bagħatlu ktieb Pawlu. ;; Hu bagħa-t-lu ktieb Pawlu. 'he sent book Pawlu' @ Fabri93:146 ;; prepositions ;;Fuqu qbiżt. ;; Fuq-u qbiż-t. 'auf-3msg sprang-2sg' "You jumped onto him." @ Fabri93a:80 nħobbu ;; n-ħobb-u '1sg-love-3msg' "I love him." @ Fabri93a:102 * nħobbh ;; n-ħobb-u '1sg-love-3msg' @ Fabri93a:102 narah ;; n-ara-h '1sg-see-3msg' "I see him." @ Fabri93a:102 * narau ;; n-ara-h '1sg-see-3msg' @ Fabri93a:102 ;;; predication Jien sabiħ. ;; Jien sabiħ. '1S nice-MS' "I am nice. (male speaker)" Jien sabiħa. ;; Jien sabiħ-a. '1S nice-FS' "I am nice. (female speaker)" ;;; agreement ktieb sabiħ ;; 'book nice' "a nice book (masc)" @ Fabri93a:12 2 readings veduta sabiħa ;; 'view nice' "a nice view (fem)" @ Fabri93a:12 2 readings ;; pitturi sbieħ ;; pittur-i sbieħ 'painting-pl nice' "a nice painting" @ Fabri93a:12 2 readings ;; noun + adjective raġel intelliġenti ;; 'man intelligent' "an intelligent man" @ Fabri93a:12 2 readings mara intelliġenti ;; 'woman intelligent' "an intelligent woman" @ Fabri93a:12 2 readings nies intelliġenti ;; 'people intelligent' "intelligent people" @ Fabri93a:13 2 readings ;; subject verb Raġel ġie. ;; 'man came-mas' "a man came." @ following Fabri93a:18 * Raġel ġiet. ;; 'man came-fem' "a man came." @ following Fabri93a:18 Mara ġiet. ;; 'woman came-fem' "a woman came" @ following Fabri93a:18 * Mara ġie. ;; 'woman came-mas' "a woman came" @ following Fabri93a:18 nies ġiew. ;; 'people came' "people came" ;; determiner noun dak irraġel ;; dak ir-raġel 'this DF-man' "this man" @ Fabri93a:18 * dik irraġel ;; dik ir-raġel 'this DF-man' "this man" @ Fabri93a:18 dik ilmara ;; dik il-mara 'this DF-woman' "this woman" @ Fabri93a:18 * dak ilmara ;; dak il-mara 'this DF-woman' "this woman" @ Fabri93a:18 ;;; definiteness marking Tani lktieb. ;; Ta-ni l-ktieb 'gave-me df-book' "He gave me the book." @ Fabri93a:41 Tak ilktieb. ;; Ta-k il-ktieb 'gave-you df-book' "He gave you the book." @ Fabri93a:41 liskola ;; 'df-school' "the school" @ Fabri93a:41 lixkora ;; 'df-sack' "the sack" @ Fabri93a:41 * ilajruplan ;; 'df-airplane' @ Fabri93a:41 * ljien ;; 'df-I' @ stefan ;; I added a verb here in order to rule out the reading in which ;; the adjective functions predicatively. ;; If the predicate has to be indefinite always, remove the verb for ;; the ungrammatical examples. mara twila ġiet. ;; 'woman big came-fem' "a big woman came" @ following Fabri93a:42 * mara ttwila ġiet. ;; 'woman df-big came-fem' @ following Fabri93a:42 ktieb ġdid ġie. ;; 'book new came-fem' "a new book came" @ following Fabri93a:42 * ktieb ilġdid ġie. ;; 'book df-new' @ following Fabri93a:42 raġel oħxon ġie. ;; 'man thick' "a thick man" @ following Fabri93a:42 * raġel loħxon ġie. ;; 'man df-thick' @ following Fabri93a:42 ilmara twila ġiet. ;; 'df-woman big' "the big woman" @ following Fabri93a:44 ilmara ttwila ġiet. ;; 'df-woman df-big' "the big woman" @ following Fabri93a:44 ilktieb ġdid ġie. ;; 'df-book new' "the new book" @ following Fabri93a:44 ilktieb ilġdid ġie. ;; 'df-book df-new' "the new book" @ following Fabri93a:44 irraġel oħxon ġie. ;; 'man thick' "the thick man" @ following Fabri93a:44 irraġel loħxon ġie. ;; 'df-man df-thick' "the thick man" @ following Fabri93a:44 Albert ġie. ;; 'Albert came' "Albert came" @ Fabri93a:115 * Lalbert ġie. ;; 'df-Albert came' @ Fabri93a:115 ;;; scope + adjective Lallegat qattiel ġie. ;; L-allegat 'df-alledged murderer came' "The alledged murderer came." Lallegat qattiel vjolenti ġie. ;; 'df-alledged murderer brutal came' "The alledged brutal/brutal alledged murderer came." ;;; demonstratives + definiteness marking Pawlu kiteb dan il-ktieb. ;; 'Pawlu wrote this df-book.' "Pawlu wrote this book." @ following Fabri93a:60 ;;; lil marking * Ra lil ilmara ;; Ra lil il-mara 'saw(3msg) Ks df-woman' * Ra lil ittifel ;; Ra lil it-tifel 'saw(3msg) Ks df-boy' Ra lillmara. ;; Ra lil-l-mara. 'saw(3msg) Ks-df-woman' "He saw the woman." @ Fabri93a:114 Fabri says it is "I saw the woman." Ra littifel. ;; Ra l-it-tifel. 'saw(3msg) Ks-df-boy' "He saw the boy." @ Fabri93a:114 Fabri says it is "I saw the boy." Ra lil Pawlu. ;; 'saw(3msg) Ks Pawlu' "He saw Pawlu" @ Fabri93a:116 * Ra Pawlu. ;; 'saw(3msg) Pawlu' Fabri93a:116 * lilljien ;; 'Ks-df-I' @ stefan * liljien ;; 'Ks-I' @ stefan Nħobb ilktieb. ;; n-ħobb il-ktieb. 'love-1sg df-book' "I love the book." @ nach Fabri93a:118 * Nħobb lillktieb. ;; n-ħobb lil-l-ktieb. 'love-1sg Ks-df-book' @ nach Fabri93a:118 * Lil Albert ġie. ;; 'Ks Albert came' ;;; indefinite article waħda mara ;; 'INDEF-fsg woman' "a woman" @ Fabri2001a:155 * waħda mazzita ;; 'INDEF-fsg blood saussage' "a blood saussage" @ following Fabri2001a:155 ;;; pro drop Jien rajt lil Pawlu. ;; Jien raj-t lil Pawlu. 'I saw-1sg Ks Pawlu' "I saw Pawlu." @ nach Fabri93a:142 * Jien rajt. ;; Jien raj-t 'I saw-1sg' @ nach Fabri93a:142 Jien rajtu lil Pawlu. ;; Jien raj-t-u lil Pawlu. 'I saw-1sg-3msg Ks Pawlu' "I saw Pawlu." @ nach Fabri93a:142 Jien rajtu. ;; Jien raj-t-u 'I saw-1sg-3msg' "I saw him." @ nach Fabri93a:142 Rajtu jien. ;; Rajtu jien. 'saw-1sg-3msg I' "I saw him." @ nach Fabri93a:143 ;;; constituent order ;; Issajf ġie. ;; Is-sajf ġie. 'df-summer come(3msg)' "The summer comes." @ Fabri93a:135 ;; Ġie issajf. ;; Ġie is-sajf. 'come(3msg) df-summer' "The summer comes." @ Fabri93a:135 Pawlu ġie. ;; 'Pawlu came(3msg)' "Pawlu came." @ nach Fabri93a:137 Ġie Pawlu. ;; 'came(3msg) Pawlu' "Pawlu came." @ nach Fabri93a:137 Illum Pawlu ġie. ;; 'today Pawlu came' "Pawlu came today." @ following Fabri93a:138 Pawlu ġie 'llum. ;; 'Pawlu came today' "Pawlu came today." @ following Fabri93a:138 Pawlu illum ġie. ;; 'Pawlu today came' "Pawlu came today." @ following Fabri93a:138 Ġie 'llum Pawlu. ;; 'came today Pawlu' "Pawlu came today." @ following Fabri93a:138 Ġie Pawlu illum. ;; 'came Pawlu today' "Pawlu came today." @ following Fabri93a:138 ;; subject = topic, no object clitic Fabri93a:140 Pawlu kiel ilmazzita. ;; Pawlu kiel il-mazzita. 'Pawlu ate-3msg df-blutwurst-fsg' "Pawlu ate blutwurst." @ following Fabri93a:140 Kiel ilmazzita Pawlu. ;; 'ate-3msg df-blutwurst-fsg Pawlu' "Pawlu ate blutwurst." @ following Fabri93a:140 * Kiel Pawlu ilmazzita. ;; 'ate-3msg Pawlu df-blutwurst-fsg' @ following Fabri93a:140 Pawlu ilmazzita kiel. ;; 'Pawlu df-blutwurst-fsg ate-3msg' "Pawlu ate blutwurst." @ following Fabri93a:140 Ilmazzita Pawlu kiel. ;; 'df-blutwurst-fsg Pawlu ate-3msg' "Pawlu ate blutwurst." @ following Fabri93a:140 Ilmazzita kiel Pawlu. ;; 'df-blutwurst-fsg ate-3msg Pawlu' "Pawlu ate blutwurst." @ following Fabri93a:140 ;; subject = topic, object clitic Fabri93a:144 Pawlu kielha lmazzita. ;; Pawlu kiel-ha l-mazzita. 'Pawlu ate-3msg-3fsg df-blutwurst-fsg' "Pawlu ate blutwurst." @ following Fabri93a:140 Kielha lmazzita Pawlu. ;; 'ate-3msg-3fsg df-blutwurst-fsg Pawlu' "Pawlu ate blutwurst." @ following Fabri93a:140 Kielha Pawlu lmazzita. ;; 'ate-3msg-3fsg Pawlu df-blutwurst-fsg' @ following Fabri93a:140 Pawlu lmazzita kielha. ;; 'Pawlu df-blutwurst-fsg ate-3msg-3fsg' "Pawlu ate blutwurst." @ following Fabri93a:140 Ilmazzita Pawlu kielha. ;; 'df-blutwurst-fsg Pawlu ate-3msg-3fsg' "Pawlu ate blutwurst." @ following Fabri93a:140 Ilmazzita kielha Pawlu. ;; 'df-blutwurst-fsg ate-3msg-3fsg Pawlu' "Pawlu ate blutwurst." @ following Fabri93a:140 ;; adverbs can be placed anywhere inbetween the patterns above. Illum Pawlu kielha lmazzita. ;; Illum Pawlu kiel-ha il-mazzita. 'today Pawlu ate-3msg-3fsg df-blutwurst-fsg' "Pawlu ate blutwurst today." @ following Fabri93a:144 Pawlu 'llum kielha lmazzita. ;; Pawlu 'llum kiel-ha il-mazzita. 'Pawlu today ate-3msg-3fsg df-blutwurst-fsg' "Pawlu ate blutwurst today." @ following Fabri93a:144 Pawlu kielha 'llum ilmazzita. ;; Pawlu kiel-ha 'llum il-mazzita. 'Pawlu ate-3msg-3fsg today df-blutwurst-fsg' "Pawlu ate blutwurst today." @ following Fabri93a:144 Pawlu kielha lmazzita 'llum. ;; Pawlu kiel-ha il-mazzita 'llum. 'Pawlu ate-3msg-3fsg df-blutwurst-fsg today' "Pawlu ate blutwurst today." @ following Fabri93a:144 Illum kielha lmazzita Pawlu. ;; 'today ate-3msg-3fsg df-blutwurst-fsg Pawlu' "Pawlu ate blutwurst." @ following Fabri93a:140 Kielha 'llum ilmazzita Pawlu. ;; 'ate-3msg-3fsg today df-blutwurst-fsg Pawlu' "Pawlu ate blutwurst." @ following Fabri93a:140 Kielha lmazzita 'llum Pawlu. ;; 'ate-3msg-3fsg df-blutwurst-fsg today Pawlu' "Pawlu ate blutwurst." @ following Fabri93a:140 Kielha lmazzita Pawlu 'llum. ;; 'ate-3msg-3fsg df-blutwurst-fsg Pawlu today' "Pawlu ate blutwurst." @ following Fabri93a:140 Illum kielha Pawlu lmazzita. ;; 'today ate-3msg-3fsg Pawlu df-blutwurst-fsg' @ following Fabri93a:140 Kielha 'llum Pawlu lmazzita. ;; 'ate-3msg-3fsg today Pawlu df-blutwurst-fsg' @ following Fabri93a:140 Kielha Pawlu 'llum ilmazzita. ;; 'ate-3msg-3fsg Pawlu today df-blutwurst-fsg' @ following Fabri93a:140 Kielha Pawlu lmazzita 'llum. ;; 'ate-3msg-3fsg Pawlu df-blutwurst-fsg today' @ following Fabri93a:140 Illum Pawlu lmazzita kielha. ;; 'today Pawlu df-blutwurst-fsg ate-3msg-3fsg' "Pawlu ate blutwurst." @ following Fabri93a:140 Pawlu 'llum ilmazzita kielha. ;; 'Pawlu today df-blutwurst-fsg ate-3msg-3fsg' "Pawlu ate blutwurst." @ following Fabri93a:140 Pawlu lmazzita 'llum kielha. ;; 'Pawlu df-blutwurst-fsg today ate-3msg-3fsg' "Pawlu ate blutwurst." @ following Fabri93a:140 Pawlu lmazzita kielha 'llum. ;; 'Pawlu df-blutwurst-fsg ate-3msg-3fsg today' "Pawlu ate blutwurst." @ following Fabri93a:140 Illum ilmazzita Pawlu kielha. ;; 'today df-blutwurst-fsg Pawlu ate-3msg-3fsg' "Pawlu ate blutwurst." @ following Fabri93a:140 Ilmazzita 'llum Pawlu kielha. ;; 'df-blutwurst-fsg today Pawlu ate-3msg-3fsg' "Pawlu ate blutwurst." @ following Fabri93a:140 Ilmazzita Pawlu 'llum kielha. ;; 'df-blutwurst-fsg Pawlu today ate-3msg-3fsg' "Pawlu ate blutwurst." @ following Fabri93a:140 Ilmazzita Pawlu kielha 'llum. ;; 'df-blutwurst-fsg Pawlu ate-3msg-3fsg today' "Pawlu ate blutwurst." @ following Fabri93a:140 Illum ilmazzita kielha Pawlu. ;; 'today df-blutwurst-fsg ate-3msg-3fsg Pawlu' "Pawlu ate blutwurst." @ following Fabri93a:140 Ilmazzita 'llum kielha Pawlu. ;; 'df-blutwurst-fsg today ate-3msg-3fsg Pawlu' "Pawlu ate blutwurst." @ following Fabri93a:140 Ilmazzita kielha 'llum Pawlu. ;; 'df-blutwurst-fsg ate-3msg-3fsg today Pawlu' "Pawlu ate blutwurst." @ following Fabri93a:140 Ilmazzita kielha Pawlu 'llum. ;; 'df-blutwurst-fsg ate-3msg-3fsg Pawlu today' "Pawlu ate blutwurst." @ following Fabri93a:140 ;; subject focus without clitic -> only SVO ;; subject focus with object clitic: Fabri93a:141 Norma fetħitu lbieb. ;; 'Norma opened-3-fsg-3msg df-door-msg' "Norma opened the door." @ Fabri93a:141 Fetħitu Norma lbieb. ;; 'opened-3-fsg-3msg Norma df-door-msg' "Norma opened the door." @ Fabri93a:141 Norma lbieb fetħitu. ;; 'Norma df-door-msg opened-3-fsg-3msg' "Norma opened the door." @ Fabri93a:141 Ilbieb fetħitu Norma. ;; 'df-door-msg opened-3-fsg-3msg Norma' "Norma opened the door." @ Fabri93a:141 Ilbieb Norma fetħitu. ;; 'Norma df-door-msg opened-3-fsg-3msg' "Norma opened the door." @ Fabri93a:141 ;; We cannot test this since the pattern is possible with Norma as topic. ;; * Fetħitu lbieb Norma. ;; 'opened-3-fsg-3msg df-door-msg Norma' @ Fabri93a:141 ;; This seems to be a mistake in Fabri's book. He marks the `h' as subject, but it is an object clitic. ;; So the intended example seems to be: Int xtralek diska lpapà. ;; Int xtrahlek diska lpapà. ;; Int xtra-h-lek disk-a l-papà. 'you-2sg bought(3msg)-3msg-2sg record-fsg df-father' "You, your father bought you a record." @ Fabri93a:147 Int xtrahlek ktieb ilpapà. ;; Int xtra-h-lek ktieb l-papà. 'you-2sg bought(3msg)-3msg-2sg book-msg df-father' "You, your father bought you a book." @ following Fabri93a:147 Jien xtrali ktieb ilpapà. ;; Jien xtra-li ktieb il-papà. 'I bought(3msg)-1sg book df-father' "Father bought me a book." @ following Fabri93a:148 Lili xtrali karozza. ;; Lili xtra-li karozza. 'me bought(3msg)-1sg car.' "He bought *me* a car." @ Fabri93a:148 Hija raha Pawlu. ;; Hija ra-ha Pawlu. 'she saw(3msg)-fsg Pawlu' "Pawlu saw her." @ Fabri93a:148 Pawlu bisitu Norma. ;; Pawlu bis-it-u Norma. 'Pawlu kissed-3fsg3msg Norma.' "Norma kissed Pawlu." @ Fabri93a:148 2 readings Lilha raha Pawlu. ;; Lilha raha Pawlu. 'she-Ks saw(3msg)-fsg Pawlu' "Pawlu saw her." @ Fabri93a:148 Lil Pawlu bisitu Norma. ;; Lil Pawlu bisitu Norma. 'Ks Pawlu kissed-3fsg3msg Norma.' "Norma kissed Pawlu." @ Fabri93a:148 ;;; fun + clitics Liskrivan kiteb littra. ;; L-iskrivan kiteb l-ittr-a. 'df-employee(3msg) wrote(3msg) df-letter-fsg' "The employee wrote the letter." @ Fabri93a:130 Liskrivan kitebha. ;; L-iskrivan kitebha. 'df-employee(3msg) wrote(3msg)-3fsg' "The employee wrote it." @ Fabri93a:130 Ilkomunist xejjer lillpapa. ;; Il-komunist xejjer lil-l-papa. 'df-communist winked(3msg) Ks-df-pope(msg)' "The communist winked the pope." @ Fabri93a:130 Ilkomunist xejjerlu. ;; Il-komunist xejjer-lu. 'df-communist winked(3msg)-3msg' "The communist winked him." @ Fabri93a:130 2 readings Ilkommunist can be analyzed as non-contrastive topic, the subject is dropped Itterrorist bagħat littra lillpresident. ;; It-terrorist bagħat l-ittr-a lil-l-president. 'df-terrorist sent df-letter Ks-df-president' "The terrorist sent the letter to the president." @ Fabri93a:130 Itterrorist bagħathielu. ;; It-terrorist bagħat-hie-lu. 'df-terrorist sent(3msg)-3fsg-3msg' "The terrorist send it to him." @ Fabri93a:130 2 readings